Electrical conductor



H. GEORGE AND J. HEBERT.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR.

APPLICATION men mar, 1919.

1,334,850. Patented Mar. 23,1920.

vj? t GEORGE AND JEAN HEIBERT, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRICAL connuc'ron.

Speeification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 23, 1920'.

Application flied January 31, 1919. Serial No. 274,334.

To all whom it may concern: I Be it known that we, HENRI GEORGE, engineer, a citizen of the French Republic, re-

siding 167 Rue de Vaugirard, Paris, in the Republic of France, and J EAN HEBERT, engimet, a citizen of the French'Republic, residing 31 Avenue dEylau, Paris, France,

have invented certain new and useful Im-' rovements in and Relating to Electrical onductors, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention has for its object to provide an improved insulated and unalterable electrical conductor capable of being used for electrical purposes. The improved conductor consists essentially of a conducting wire ofdifiicultly fusible substance inclosed in any insulating and non-porous material refractory to high temperatures.

The manner in which this invention is to be performed will now be more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate byway ofexample some constructional forms of this invention. l

In these drawings:

Figure l is a section of a device according to this invention constituting a tight electrode.

Fig. 2 is a section of a heating element.

Fig. 3 is a view of a spiral-shaped heating element. a

Fig. 4 is a section of a vertical heating elenent comprising a long length of wire, an

Fig. 5 is a section of a horizontal element or tube for heating currents of gas and liquid.

In carrying this invention into effect, a wire I) of tungsten is inserted into a tube a of quartz (Fig. l) ofsuitable dimensions. The tungsten wire is sealed for instance by means of the blow-pipe, in a mass of quartz 0. The tungsten wire which is sealed in the quartz is in sufficiently intimate contact therewith to constitute a tight joint.- It may serve as an electric terminal for all electrical apparatus made of quartz designed to holda vacuum or a pressure and to contain any. solid, liquid or gaseous bodies, such as for instance quartz glow lamps, rarefied gas apparatus, laboratory apparatus, mercury vapor lamps or rectifiers. 1

Fig. 2 is a section of a heating element for all purposes; a number of elements of this type may be grouped in any desired manner and connected in series or in parallel. I

The tungsten wire I) is embedded in a mass of quartz d ending in cups e which contain a suitable conductive cementitious sealing material 7 and are covered by' metal caps 9' for receiving the connections 72,. lThe metalcaps form electrical contact with the conductive sealing material fwhich is in turn in electrical contact with the tungsten wire.|

The invention mayv also be performed by embedding a tungsten wire 7) (Figs. 4: and 5) in either a quartz rod 11 (Fig.4) or in a quartz tube It (Fig. 5). This latter modification is particularly suitable for heating currents of gas and liquids. The tungsten Wire may be embedded in either the rodor tube by winding the wire upon a suitable rod or tube of quartz, and then placing a tubev of quartz over the wire, thus wound, and then melting the whole to a homogeneous mass as by means of a suitable blow surrounding atmosphere, such as the oxygen of the air, moisture, acid vapors, chemical products. It can be raised by the passage of an electrical current to a dazzling white heat without being vaporized or deteriorated thereby. Further, it has been found by experience that even under such conditions the quartz resists perfectly and never breaks, so that it can be used with all heating devices and processes, as well as in some cases of electrical lighting, and likewise in rheostats of all kinds operating in any medium.

. The wire when traversed by an intense current, becomes hot. only slowly owing to the conducting away of the heat by the mass of quartz in which it is embedded and by convection of the air around the outer sur face of the quartz. This allows of constructing starting rheostats for high intensities with avery small bulk, since the density of the current mayin such apparatus exceed 350 amperes per square millimeter of cross section.

Owing to the embedding of the wire, the

latter is electrically insulated in a perfect manner What we claim-is:

1. An insulated and unalterable electrical conductor which consists of a conducting wire of difiicultly fusible substance embedded inLfused [insulating and non porous material t at is refractory to high temperatures.

2 An electrical conductor as claimed in claim 1, consisting of a tungsten wire. embedded in a mass' fus ed quartz. L

3 An electrical conductor as cla med in claim '1, consisting of quartz insulation in which is embedded a t ngsten'wire serving as aterminal for any quartz apparatus.

4': Anelectrical conductor as claimed in claim 1, consisting of a tungsten wire embedded in a mass of quartz terminating in cups which contain Ian electric conductivel20 sealingvmaterial; and arev covered with metal caps for recelvlng the connections.

5. An electrical conductor as claimed in claim 1, consisting of a quartz insulation of suitable conformation in which is embedded 25 HENRI GEORGE. JEAN IEEEBERTE.v In'the presence of two witnesses:

JOHN F. SIMoNs,j EMILE BEBTROHOL. 

